Black Ruthenium 475
Advantages
- Acidic black ruthenium electrolyte
- Decorative black layers up to 0.3 µm coating thickness
- Good colour constancy
- Simple bath maintenance
- Easy to use batch type
Applications
- Carat jewellery
- Costume jewellery
- Spectacle frames
- Decorative accessories
- Writing utensils
- Watches
- Fashion industry
| Bath characteristics & operating conditions | |
| Bath type: | Acidic |
| Ruthenium content: | 2 g/l (batch type) |
| pH-value: | 1.0 (0.7 - 1.2) at 25 °C 1.1 (0.8 - 1.3) at 65 °C |
| Temperature: | 65 °C (60 - 70 °C) |
| Current density: | 1.5 A/dm² (0.5 - 3.0 A/dm²) |
| Deposition speed: |
Approx. 0.02 µm/min at 2 g/l and 1.5 A/dm² |
| Deposition rate: | Approx. 2 mg/Amin (1 - 3 mg/Amin) |
| Coating characteristics (*1) | |
| Coating: | Black ruthenium |
| Colour: | Anthracite (black) |
| Density: | Approx. 12 g/cm³ |
| Max. coating thickness: | 0.3 µm |